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| 1840 |
| | Rowland Hill introduces in Britain the world's first postage stamps - the Penny Black and Two Pence Blue | |
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| 1840 |
| | Victoria marries Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha and soon, with nine children, they provide the very image of the ideal Victorian family | |
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| 1841 |
| | Robert Peel replaces Lord Melbourne as prime minister after a Conservative victory in the British general election | |
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| 1841 |
| | Fox Talbot patents the 'calotype', introducing the negative-positive process that becomes standard in photography | |
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| 1841 |
| | With a teetotallers' rail trip for 570 people, Thomas Cook introduces the notion of the package tour | |
| | Travel poster for Cook's Tours, 1904 National Archives, Kew
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| c. 1841 |
| | Britain sends four naval ships up the river Niger to make anti-slavery treaties with local kings | |
| | Anti-slavery treaty with African chiefs National Archives, Kew
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| 1842 |
| | Robert Peel's Conservative administration reintroduces income tax in Britain, at a fixed level of approximately 3% | |
| | Victoria and Albert pay income tax in a Punch cartoon of 1842 National Archives, Kew
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| 1842 |
| | Lord Shaftesbury's Mines Act makes it illegal for boys under 13, and women and girls of any age, to be employed underground in Britain | |
| | Pit girls photographed in 1893 near Wigan National Archives, Kew
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| 1842 |
| | The British abandon Kabul, losing most of the garrison force in the withdrawal to India and bringing to an end the first Anglo-Afghan war | |
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| 1842 |
| | The young Friedrich Engels is sent from Germany to manage the family cotton-spinning factory in Manchester | |
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